Since 1984, the Kurdistan Workers' Party or PKK has been waging an armed struggle against the central government of Turkey to gain autonomy in the Kurdistan region of Turkey, and for this purpose, the Kurdistan Workers' Party has been listed as a terrorist group by the United States, the European Union, and several other countries. Therefore, in order to maintain themselves in the heart of power, Kurdish parties are trying to secure their financial resources through drug trafficking. This action, in turn, provided them with the financial resources they needed and also damaged their ideology among the countries. This research tries to investigate the effects of drug trafficking for the PKK terrorist group using the descriptive-analytical method and using the cost-benefit theory. Therefore, he has collected the necessary information from books, articles and internet sources. The question is, what approach did the PKK terrorist group adopt towards drug trafficking? And what has been the cost and benefit for this group? The working hypothesis states that PKK has a political-economic approach to drug trafficking, because drug trafficking provides financial expenses, purchase of military weapons, faster recruitment, strengthening its position among Kurdish parties, among other important things. The most important benefits of drug trafficking for this group and on the other hand being called terrorism, contamination of the Kurdish language and their forces, military tensions for the purpose of drug transit, reduction of political legitimacy among the people are among the most important costs. to mention.

Terrorism is an offensive action which violates human rights and always invades to people’ s rights. Given the high incidence of this type of global action and the widespread violations of human rights and peace and security, countering terrorism will be important. The existence of financial resources is an essential element of terrorism and Preemptive measures and their success in blocking financial aids to terrorists shows the importance of monetary resources in funding and managing terrorist groups. Financing is a necessary prelude for terrorism and without necessary funds the terrorist groups are not capable of executing their illegitimate ends. The importance of this component is such that the terrorist groups carry out numerous legal and illegal activities in line with the funding they need. Given the fundamentals of the role of financial resources in the occurrence of terrorism, these resources play a decisive role in the fight against terrorism and by fixing preventive measures on this important pillar and by creating a barrier to the financing of the terrorists, an important issue is to prevent and reduce terrorism successfully. Therefore, preventive measures can be taken in the forms of banking and non-banking measures to counter the financing of terrorism and subsequent counteraction to terrorism.

Purpose: The purpose of this applied research is to study the effectiveness of gamification on corporate training.  Methodology: A gamified course was designed and implemented to train the location of Fire Hosing Cabinet for 24 employees of a firefighting maintenance company in Iran Mall shopping Center in Tehran. Using a quantitative quasi-experimental research plan (post-test only control group design) the participants of the study were randomly assigned to treatment (12) and control (12) groups and trained for a week.  Conclusion: The descriptive and interpretive result of the posttest analyses indicated the effectiveness of gamification of the training performed for the employees of the firefighting maintenance company in Iran Mall shopping Center in Tehran. Moreover, the descriptive result of Gamification Acceptance Questionnaire answered by the members of the experimental group after gamified training indicated that all the participants in the experimental group were satisfied with the gamified training course.

Purpose: The present study aims to identify and explain the futures of Iranian provinces in the competition for the development of NBIC technological convergence (synergy between nanotechnology, biotechnology, information technology and cognitive sciences) with a focus on Yazd province. Method: This research, which has been conducted with a qualitative and descriptive approach, is classified as an exploratory futures-study. In this way, the relevant research records were first reviewed to compile a list of drivers in the development of convergent technologies. The list was then refined and prioritized to identify two key drivers, with the Delphi process attended by fourteen experts. By intersecting the uncertainties of these two drivers, four scenarios of the province's future in technological convergence competition emerged. Findings: The two key drivers affecting the success of the province in the competition for convergent technologies are: the rate of development of the innovation ecosystem and the amount of financial resources allocated to this process. Based on this, four scenarios of the future situation of the province in this field were identified, which have been named as "Vanguard", "Buyer", "Remnant" and "Hired". Conclusion: In order for the provinces to be able to succeed in the forthcoming competitions in the production and operation of convergent technologies, it is necessary to plan for strengthening the ecosystem infrastructure from now; at the same time, it is necessary to make efficient efforts to provide sufficient financial resources for the research and commercialization of these technologies.

Introduction: In the collection of drug transit, pathology with an urban and regional approach has the highest importance. This is probably the reason why, from the point of view of sociologists, the harms of carrying, consuming and transiting drugs have a significant impact on the development and money laundering process and the improvement of the social and cultural level of the society. Therefore, in order to measure and evaluate the harms, the ways to deal with drug transit and to evaluate the success or failure rate in reducing the harms of drugs in urban and rural areas, a realistic view is needed.Data and Method. The current research is practical in terms of purpose and quantitative-qualitative in terms of method. In the qualitative part, information was collected by interviewing 30 experts of the anti-narcotics department in Kerman province. After determining the main indicators, the questionnaire was prepared. The statistical population of the quantitative part included all 690 experts from departments related to the fight against narcotics in Kerman province. The sample size was determined by using Morgan's table to be 274 people. Then the data was analyzed with the average method. The data test was done by spss version 25 software.Results: It shows that there is a significant relationship between transit and socio-urban and regional harms, and drug transit has the greatest impact, in order of increasing armed robbery with a beta coefficient of 0/701, increasing drug detections with a beta coefficient of 0/652, Increase in social damage with a beta coefficient of 0/510, increase in addiction with a beta coefficient, loss of human resources (martyrs and veterans) with a beta coefficient of 0/482, increase in addiction with a beta coefficient of 0/434, increase in all types of crimes (kidnapping, murder, armed robbery) (0/444) and increased the number of prisoners in the province with a beta coefficient of 0/401.Conclusion: The cities located on the drug transit route of Kerman province are the most damaged. Among the cities of Kerman province, the southern cities include Kohnouj, Rudbar, Qaleganj, Manujan, Jiroft, Anbarabad, Faryab, and the eastern cities of Bam, Fahraj, Regan, and Narmashir. , the loss of manpower (martyrs and veterans), the increase of addiction in the urban area.

Background and Objective: Fixed drug eruption (FDE) is one kind of drug rashes that is characterized by re-appearance of the lesions on the same sites after re-exposure to the causative drug. This study was performed to evaluate the epidemiologic characteristics of FDE. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was done on a series of 100FDE cases, whom were admitted at the outpatient dermatology clinic of Hazrat-e-Rasoul Hospital over a six-year period. The primary diagnosis of FDE was suggested according to clinical findings including a remaining hyperpigmentation at the site of healed skin lesion(s). Oral challenge test with a single low dose administration of the suspected drug was used to confinn the diagnosis. Recurrence of the lesion(s) at the same body area(s) was considered as positive result. Results: Most commonly causative agents were co-trimoxazole and codein, which were found in 88% and 3% FDE cases; respectively. The most common site of involvement was penile glans in 57.7% of male patients and trunk in 48.3% of females. In one patient, reaction to multiple drugs including co-trimoxazole, codein and tetracycline was observed and after re-challenge with each drug, re-appearance of the skin lesion at the same site was evident. Several patients reported concomitant acetaminophen intake, but there was no reaction to that drug. Conclusion: Co-trimoxazole is the most common cause of FDE.      

Today, funding for education and, consequently, funding for student sports are facing serious challenges. The purpose of this study was to provide strategies for developing financial resources in the student sports, which was carried out with qualitative methods. So after the literature review, semi-structured and deep qualitative interviews with experts have been done. Interviews continued until saturation point and identification of all solutions (N=17). A total of 27 strategies were identified in the form of six main factors of the category. Four identified factors (use of religious donors and taxes, attracting sponsors and private sector participation) based on the use of opportunities inside education and two other factors (using donors and religious taxes, attracting sponsors and private sector participation) based on the use of abroad opportunities of education. The use of capacities in education needs to be aware of the solutions of financial resources development, the efforts of operational managers and supporting of executive managers. The use of opportunities outside education also requires the integration and culturalization of legal conditions for private sector entry.

Background and purpose: transit materials is an important issue that needs to be politicized, important from the point view Islamic Republic. combined method (quantitative-qualitative) is of inductive type. first step, which was carried out qualitatively, used thematic analysis method, and next step, AHP method was rank and determine the most important harmful factor drug security policy department. data was obtained by library method, document review and 13 semi-structured interviews with senior managers of the province. Targeted non-random sampling and after determining the themes of traumatic factors obtained from the interviews and setting the table criteria and sub-criteria of AHP, then quantitative analysis was done. findings research were extracted from the analysis themes 6 main criteria 22 sub-criteria. findings quantitative section showed that among the main criteria, economic criteria (C3) with weight 0.458 ranked first, international criteria (C5) with a weight 0.243 ranked second, managerial ( C1) ranked third with a weight 0.211, legal (C2) ranked fourth with a weight 0.082, socio-cultural (C4) ranked fifth with a weight of 0.069, political (C6) ranked sixth with a weight of 0.057 .The results of the research to solve the damages should be reviewed in the macro-planning of the society, especially in the economic international policies. As long as people's livelihood depends on transit, this problem cannot be solved and the only solution create jobs in region. At the international level, lack of cooperation has caused Iran to pay lot of life and financial costs for struggle, which benefits only European and Western countries